Applied Behavior Analysis Technician (ABAT) Practice Test

In the context of reinforcement schedules, what does 'variable' imply?

1. The number or time for reinforcement is the same each time

2. Reinforcement occurs at different and unpredictable intervals

3. The schedule operates continuously without interruption

4. Responses are not conditioned until a fixed point

The correct answer is: Reinforcement occurs at different and unpredictable intervals

In the context of reinforcement schedules, the term 'variable' refers to the occurrence of reinforcement at different and unpredictable intervals. This means that the timing or number of responses required to receive reinforcement does not remain constant, making it difficult for the subject to anticipate when reinforcement will occur. Variable schedules aim to maintain high response rates and increase persistence in behaviors, as the unpredictability keeps the individual engaged. For example, on a variable-ratio schedule, a subject might receive reinforcement after an average of five responses, but the exact number could vary with each instance; sometimes it could be three responses, other times it could be seven. This unpredictability contrasts with fixed schedules, where the reinforcement is delivered after a set number of responses or at fixed time intervals. The other options describe characteristics that do not align with the concept of 'variable' in reinforcement schedules. The first option indicates a fixed schedule, where the number or time is consistent. The third option suggests continuous reinforcement, which also lacks the unpredictability inherent in variable schedules. The fourth option refers to a conditioned response, which is unrelated to the variance of reinforcement timing or quantity. Thus, the understanding of 'variable' in this context is crucial for recognizing how different reinforcement schedules impact behavior.